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Lung Cancer - Prevention, Management, and Emerging Therapies

2010-10-13T23:37:00.000-07:00

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world.
1
It kills almost as
many Americans as cancers of the breast, prostate, colon, rectum, pancreas, and
kidney combined, and accounts for 28.6% of all US cancer deaths.
2
With an
increase in the 5-year relative survival rate from 13% to only 16% in the more than
30 years from 1974 to the present,
2
it will take us another 840 years to eradicate
lung cancer deaths if we do not improve the current rate of progress.
As discussed in this text, lung cancer prevention has received substantial atten-
tion. The decrease in smoking in recent decades has helped, but smoking is not the
only problem. Lung cancer in people who have never smoked is currently the 5th
leading cause of cancer death in the United States.
3
Several factors contribute to the lethality of lung cancer, including the rapidity
of tumor growth, advanced stage at diagnosis (due to nonspecificity of early symp-
toms and the uncertain efficacy of screening), early development of metastases, and
resistance to therapy. Several chapters in this book discuss new molecular targets
that may be potentially exploitable in the future, as well as discussing our track
record to date in exploiting them.

The Survivor’s Handbook Eating Right for Cancer Survival

2009-06-22T01:46:00.000-07:00

The Survivor’s Handbook: Eating Right for Cancer Survival was written by Neal D. Barnard, M.D., with the help of Jennifer K. Reilly, R.D. It was developed to accompany The Cancer Project’s “Nutrition and Cooking Classes for Cancer Survivors” series. However, it is sufficiently detailed to be used on its own and will give you important insights into food’s role in cancer prevention and cancer survival.

Our goal is to provide you with information about foods and health. However, neither this book nor any other can take the place of individualized medical care or advice. All cancer treatments, including diet changes, must take into account your needs as an individual. In addition, if you are overweight, have any health problem, or are on medication, you should consult with your doctor before making any changes in your diet or exercise routines, and you should follow your doctor’s recommendations, which will be based on your personal needs.

There are many situations in which a diet change can alter your need for medications.
For example, individuals with diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol levels of-
ten need less medication when they improve their diets. You should be sure to work with
your physician to adjust your regimen as needed.

The science of nutrition grows gradually as time goes on, so we encourage you to consult other sources of information, including the references listed in this volume. With any dietary change, it is important to ensure complete nutrition. Be sure to include a source of vitamin B12 in your routine, which could include any common multivitamin, fortied soymilk or cereals, or a vitamin B12 supplement of ﬁve micrograms or more per day.

We wish you the very best of health.

First Aid for the Family Medicine Board

2009-03-31T13:35:00.000-07:00

First Aid for the Family Medicine Board

Requirements: PDF reader, 18064 KB

Overview: First Aid for the Family Medicine Boards is a high-yield, resident-to-resident "insider guide" for success on the family medicine boards and in-service exams. Readers will find mnemomics, visual aids, and mini-cases for board prep.

First Aid for the Family Medicine Board

Avidan & Zee Handbook Of Sleep Medicine

2009-03-31T10:30:00.000-07:00

Avidan & Zee Handbook Of Sleep Medicine

Paperback: 256 pages
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0781762383
ISBN-13: 978-0781762380

This pocket-sized handbook is a practical guide to the evaluation and management of sleep disorders. It is written by distinguished sleep medicine experts and covers a broad, multidisciplinary range of topics in neurology, pulmonary medicine, psychiatry, and pediatrics. Chapters provide a broad introduction to sleep disturbances and associated comorbidities and discuss the major sleep disorders in terms of epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, assessment tools, management, and follow-up. Of special value are algorithms that provide a logical approach to evaluating sleep-related complaints. All chapters adhere to the new International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2), which is outlined in an appendix with ICD-9 codes.

Avidan & Zee Handbook Of Sleep Medicine

Differential Diagnosis in Internal Medicine

2009-03-31T10:25:00.000-07:00

Differential Diagnosis in Internal Medicine

Differential Diagnosis in Internal Medicine: From Symptom to Diagnosis By Walter Siegenthaler * Publisher: Thieme Medical Publishers * Number Of Pages: 1140 * Publication Date: 2007-03-21 Product Description: Proven quality, right up to date A pragmatic approach to differential diagnosis gives rapid, reliable answers to these questions: Which diseases are likely? What causes them? What are the typical characteristics of these disorders? Do they correspond with the symptoms in question? How can the preliminary diagnosis be confirmed? Siegenthaler's new Differential Diagnosis in Internal Medicine guides the reader through the challenges of differential diagnosis across the spectrum of internal medicine. Practice-orientated learning Identify and understand key symptoms Consider the whole patient in selecting possible diseases Evaluate, exclude or confirm possible diagnoses Make the correct diagnosis using an appropriate diagnostic procedure In experienced hands Professor Walter Siegenthaler brings decades of international experience in clinical practice, teaching and writing on internal medicine to this new book. The book also benefits from close cooperation with the leaders of the specialist internal medicine departments at the University Hospital Zï¿½rich, and of other institutions and disciplines. The generalist and specialist aspects of internal medicine are thereby brought together to enhance the approach to the patient. Your guide to successful diagnosis! The book is directed at medical students, residents in most areas of medicine, practitioners of internal medicine, general practitioners, dermatologists, neurologists and rheumatologists and those involved with the basic subjects in medicine who wish to gain competence and knowledge in internal medicine. From Symptom to Diagnosis Organized by functional system and symptom constellations Covers all fields of internal medicine plus special treatment of subjects dermatology, neurology and rheumatology Typical findings and signs for differentiation of all common, rare and even "exotic" diseases with pathophysiological background information Nearly 1000 stunning figures and many instructive table-format overviews and differential diagnostic algorithms Differential diagnostic evaluation of common laboratory test results, including step-by-step plans for further diagnosis Learn by tracing the path from symptom to diagnosis, just as the physician encounters the situation in practice! [hide]

Differential Diagnosis in Internal Medicine

Emergency Medicine: Problem-Solving

2009-03-31T10:17:00.000-07:00

Emergency Medicine: Problem-Solving

Back in an all-new edition, Emergency Medicine covers the most common disorders seen in the emergency department in a handy, outline format. It explains the responsibilities of the emergency physician along with the decisions that need to be made. The 2nd Edition is perfect for on-the-go consultation--soft cover, shorter, and more focused.

Emergency Medicine: Problem-Solving

Womens Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine

2009-03-31T10:04:00.000-07:00

Womens Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine

Authors: Tori Hudson
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
Format: Paperback 384 pages
ISBN: 0071464735
ISBN 13: 9780071464734
List Price: $24.95
Edition: 2

Use the power of nature to heal your body and enjoy a lifetime of good health . . In Women's Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine , naturopathic physician Tori Hudson shows you how to safely and effectively combine conventional and natural medicine to maintain health and address specific medical conditions. Her groundbreaking work offers sound information on complementary therapies such as bio-identical hormones, vitamin supplementation, herbs, diet, and exercise and helps you make informed choices about your health. . Learn how to: . Treat a whole range of female health issues, from contraception to menopause, heart conditions to infections. Safely integrate alternative therapies with traditional medicine. Determine when you should seek a practitioner's help . And much more . . Compassionate and authoritative, Women's Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine demonstrates that an informed, integrative approach to staying well is often the best medicine. . . This is a book that should be in every woman's health library and every alternative practitioner's library. It is a resource for the new breed of conventional practitioners who are open to a more integrative health-care system.--Christiane Northrup, M.D., author of Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom

Womens Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine

Occult Medicine & Practical Magic

2009-03-31T10:00:00.000-07:00

Occult Medicine & Practical Magic

Description : Samael Aun Weor, founder of the International Gnostic Movement and author of sixty books, lived for many years in close contact with the mysterious natives of the Sierra Nevada of South America. He and his wife Litelantes compiled and verified the knowledge they had been given by the Priests and Doctors of that region, and supplemented it with their own Initiatic wisdom, resulting in this book Occult Medicine and Practical Magic. Herein one finds many explanations of the medical knowledge preserved by the Lamas of Tibet and the Mamas of the Sierra Nevada, demonstrating with undeniable force the limitations of modern medicine and indicating the way to return to ancient medical wisdom. This work features treatments for an incredible variety of illnesses and conditions, such as cancer, asthma, the common cold, and leprosy.

Includes:
• Introduction to Occult Medicine
• Preparation and Discipline of the Gnostic Doctor
• Classification of Plants (Elemental Magic)
• Occult Medication and Magical Works

Occult Medicine & Practical Magic

Who Can Help Me when I Have Cancer?

2009-03-28T06:24:00.000-07:00

Who Can Help Me when I Have Cancer?

Description:

Who Can Help Me when I Have Cancer? contains a helping hand of caring people and organizations you can contact RIGHT NOW:

Organizations that can give you financial support to help with your cancer treatment.
Organizations that will assist you in finding a sympathetic, supportive physician near you, one that is knowledgeable and open-minded on the use of natural and alternative cancer treatments.

Who Can Help Me when I Have Cancer?

Prostate Cancer: Signaling Networks, Genetics, and New Treatment Strategies

2009-03-28T06:18:00.000-07:00

Prostate cancer : Signaling Network, Genetics, And New Treatment Strategies

by Richard G. Pestell, Marja T. Nevalainen
Paperback: 456 pages
Publisher: Humana Press; 1 edition (April 1, 2008)
Language: English

ISBN-10: 1-58829-741-1

ISBN-13: 978-1-58829-741-9

Award winning authors present a comprehensive review of new perspectives in prostate cancer research and open up new directions in the clinical management of prostate cancer. In, Prostate Cancer: Signaling Networks, Genetics, and New Treatment Strategies, the authors focus on the biology, genetics, molecular signaling networks in the disease process, and recent advances in the treatment of prostate cancer. This state-of-the-art title provides key insights into cutting edge advances in prostate cancer research, such as laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, and offers a critical evaluation and discussion of opportunities for development of novel therapies for prostate cancer. Clinical trials that have not been covered or evaluated in any other books currently available are also discussed. Invaluable to physicians and researchers, Prostate Cancer: Signaling Networks, Genetics, and New Treatment Strategies provides a comprehensive translational resource as well as an important source of information for prostate cancer patients.

Prostate cancer : Signaling Network, Genetics, And New Treatment Strategies

Lung Cancer

2009-03-28T06:14:00.000-07:00

Lung Cancer

Publisher:Wiley-Blackwell | Pages:480 | 2008-02-15 | ISBN: 1405151129 | PDF | 3.45 MB

Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in men and women. However, since the first edition of Lung Cancer was published 14 years ago, rapid progress in the biology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease has been made.

This outstanding team from the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center takes an evidence-based approach to lung cancer management and explains these advances in depth. Comprehensive treatment guidelines are provided, the third edition of Lung Cancer explores vital issues such as:

Lung cancer susceptibility and risk assessment
The pathology and pathogenesis of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma including bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
Screening for early detection
Advances in molecular and genetic markers
The detection and treatment of pre-neoplastic lesions and screening for lung cancer
Novel therapies such as angiogenesis and multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Lung Cancer is a concise summary of advances in lung cancer clinical research and treatment for the clinician and is an invaluable reference for respiratory physicians, medical oncologists, clinical and surgical oncologists.

Lung Cancer

Read This E book

Lung Cancer Susceptibility Genes
Joan E. Bailey-Wilson

Introduction

After heart disease, cancer is the most common cause of death and lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the United States [1]. From 1950 to 1988, lung cancer experienced the largest increase in mortality rate of all the cancers and lung cancer caused an estimated 146,000 deaths in the United States in 1992 [2]. Lung cancer became the
leading cause of cancer death in men in the early 1950s and in women in 1987. Cancer of the lung has frequently been cited as an example of a malignancy that is solely determined by the environment [3,4] and the risks associated with cigarette smoking [3–7] and certain occupations, such as mining [8], asbestos exposure, shipbuilding, and petroleum reﬁning [9–14], are well
established. Most lung cancers are attributable to cigarette smoking (e.g. [15]). Dietary studies have found reduction in risk associated with high compared to low consumption of carotene-containing fruits and vegetables (for reviews see [16–19]). Atleast one recent, very large meta-analysis [20] has found signiﬁcant protective effects of increased levels of dietary β-cryptoxanthin although recent trials of beta-carotene and vitamin A supplements have not shown any signiﬁcant reduction in lung cancer risk; instead they showed an increased risk of lung cancer death in the treated group [21–24]. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS, passive smoking) has also been shown to be associated with increased risk
of lung cancer (for review see [3,4,25–27]) with a recent prospective European study estimating that between 16 and 24%of lung cancers in nonsmokers and long-term ex-smokers were attributable to ETS [28]. A recent meta-analysis of 22 studies showed that exposure to workplace ETS increased risk of lung cancer in workers by 24% and that this risk was highly correlated with duration of exposure [29]. These environmental risk factors cannot be reviewed in detail here. There is little doubt that the majority of lung cancer cases are attributable to
(i.e., would not occur in the absence of) cigarette smoking and other behavioral and environmental risk factors [2,7,25,30]. However, some investigators have long hypothesized that individuals differ in their susceptibility to these environmental insults (e.g. [31–34]). It is well known that mutations and loss of heterozygosity at genetic loci such as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are involved in lung carcinogenesis (see [35,36] for reviews) but most of these changes are thought to be accumulated at the somatic cell level. However, evidence has been mounting that certain allelic variants at some genetic loci may affect susceptibility to lung cancer, although these effects may be small. Furthermore, mounting epidemiologic evidence has suggested lung cancer may show familial aggregation after adjusting for cigarette smoking and other risk factors, and that differential susceptibility to lung cancer may be inherited in a Mendelian fashion. There is evidence that both lung
cancer and smoking-associated cancer in general have an inherited genetic component, but the existence of such a genetic component has not been definitely proven. This chapter will detail the evidence Lung Cancer, 3rd edition. Edited by Jack A. Roth, James D. Cox, and Waun Ki Hong.

Skin Cancer (2008)

2009-03-28T06:06:00.000-07:00

Skin Cancer Second Edition (2008)

Skin Cancer
Publisher:Wiley | English | ISBN: 1405159618 | 536 pages | 2008 | PDF | 40 Mb

Description: The second edition of Skin Cancer: Recognition and Management is a definitive clinical reference which comprehensively examines the wide range of premalignant and malignant cutaneous disorder, including melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma and other sarcomas, cutaneous lymphoma, cutaneous metastatic disease and cutaneous markers of internal malignancy, with emphasis on the most recent advances in diagnosis and management.

Fully revised and expanded, this new edition now includes full colour photographs and illustrations throughout to aid recognition and diagnosis, and covers the latest developments and treatment modalities. New chapters include:

* Merkel Cell Carcinoma

* Dermoscopy

Skin Cancer: Recognition and Management is a definitive clinical reference for dermatologist, oncologists, residents and any medical practitioner with an interest in skin cancer.

Skin Cancer (2008)

Viral Therapy of Cancer

2009-03-28T05:58:00.000-07:00

Viral Therapy of Cancer

Publisher:John Wiley & Sons
Language: English
ISBN:0470019220
432 pages
Data: 2008
PDF
7 Mb

Description: n the last decade there has been an explosion of interest in viral therapies for cancer. Viral agents have been developed that are harmless to normal tissues but selectively able to kill cancer cells. These agents have been endowed with additional selectivity and potency through genetic manipulation. Increasingly these viruses are undergoing evaluation in clinical trials, both as single agents and in combination with standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

This book provides a comprehensive yet succinct overview of the current status of viral therapy of cancer. Chapters coherently present the advances made with individual agents and review the biological and clinical background to a range of viral therapies: structured to proceed from basic science at the bench to the patient’s bedside, they give an up-to-date and realistic evaluation of a therapy’s potential utility for the cancer patient.

* Presents state of the art knowledge on how viruses can be, and have been, used in novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer
* Describes the use of viruses as oncolytic agents, killing cells directly
* Editors are experts in the field, with experience of both laboratory and clinical research

Viral Therapy of Cancer is essential reading for both basic scientists and clinicians with an interest in viral therapy and gene therapy.

Viral Therapy of Cancer

Breast Cancer Atlas of Clinical Oncology

2009-03-28T05:52:00.000-07:00

Breast Cancer Atlas of Clinical Oncology

Breast Cancer Atlas of Clinical Oncology:
Part of the American Cancer Society's acclaimed Atlas of Clinical Oncology series, this volume offers an expert overview of breast cancer. Topics range from epidemiology and genetics to diagnosis, management and reconstruction. Post-treatment care, as well as male breast cancer, is also discussed. Key Features:

More than 300 color illustrations, photographs, and radiographs show tumors as they manifest
Discusses the latest techniques, such as image-directed biopsy and sentinel node biopsy
Includes contributions from leading surgeons, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and gynecologists
Accompanied by a CD-ROM with the complete text and illustrations of the book, in fully searchable PDF files
Images can be downloaded for lectures and presentations

Password : OHT-Forums
Breast Cancer Atlas of Clinical Oncology

After Cancer Treatment: Heal Faster, Better, Stronger

2009-03-28T05:43:00.000-07:00

After Cancer Treatment: Heal Faster, Better, Stronger

Publisher: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1 edition
Language: English
ISBN: 0801884381
Paperback: 288 pages
Format: PDF

Description: At age 36, Julie Silver was enjoying an exciting career as a physician at the Harvard Medical School and a rewarding personal life as a mother, wife, and award-winning writer. But she had the sense that something was wrong. Two years and multiple doctors later, she was diagnosed with the breast cancer she had suspected all along and was catapulted into the role of cancer patient.

Like many cancer patients who experience serious side effects from treatment, Dr. Silver emerged from therapy feeling not better, but exhausted and physically devastated. As she worked to heal herself, she became determined to write a book to help others recover after cancer treatment.

Here Dr. Silver shares her own cancer journey and offers a step-by-step plan for physical healing, including exercise and diet recommendations and instructions for fighting fatigue, monitoring mood, and overcoming setbacks. Dr. Silver"s advice comes from the heart -- and from her experience as both a cancer survivor and a doctor who has spent her career helping people heal from serious illnesses and injuries. No matter where they are in their own journey with cancer, readers will find After Cancer Treatment a personal, practical, and powerful guide to recovery.

After Cancer Treatment: Heal Faster, Better, Stronger

Oral Cancer - A Medical Dictionary

2009-03-28T05:40:00.000-07:00

Oral Cancer - A Medical Dictionary

Paperback: 304 pages
Publisher: ICON Health Publications (April 26, 2004)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0597845360
ISBN-13: 978-0597845369

This is a 3-in-1 reference book. It gives a complete medical dictionary covering hundreds of terms and expressions relating to oral cancer. It also gives extensive lists of bibliographic citations. Finally, it provides information to users on how to update their knowledge using various Internet resources. The book is designed for physicians, medical students preparing for Board examinations, medical researchers, and patients who want to become familiar with research dedicated to oral cancer. If your time is valuable, this book is for you. First, you will not waste time searching the Internet while missing a lot of relevant information. Second, the book also saves you time indexing and defining entries. Finally, you will not waste time and money printing hundreds of web pages.

Oral Cancer - A Medical Dictionary

Image-Guided Radiation Therapy of Prostate Cancer

2009-03-28T05:31:00.000-07:00

Image - Guided Radiation Therapy of Prostate Cancer

Image-Guided Radiation Therapy Of Prostate Vancer
By Richard K. Valicenti, Adam P. Dicker, David A. Jaffray

* Publisher: Informa HealthCare
* Number Of Pages: 312
* Publication Date: 2008-05-28
* ISBN-10 / ASIN: 1420060783

Product Description:
Answering the need that exists for a single reference to address the practical issues of implementing image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) into prostate cancer treatment,

Image - Guided Radiation Therapy of Prostate Cancer

Natural Cancer Treatments that works

2009-03-28T05:20:00.000-07:00

Natural Cancer Treatments that works

Natural Cancer Treatments that works
This book is a comprehensive compilation of over 350 natural and alternative cancer treatments. It is a result of extensive research of the methods cancer victors have used to make themselves cancer free. Read their stories in I Beat Cancer! which is a directory of over 2,000 people who beat their cancer using the treatments described in this e-book. The objectives of the book are to:

Encourage you to be open-minded and seek ALL the information about your choices of treatments

Be a starting point for your discussions with your doctor or with the qualified, licensed physicians who use these treatments in their practices, or your chosen natural therapist. Please do not delay in consulting a licensed physician for an opinion if you suspect you have cancer.

Be a starting point for your own research so you can make the best-informed decisions about your treatment plan.

Password : SYE11
Natural Cancer Treatments that works

Cancer Supportive Care: Advances in Therapeutic Strategies (Translational Medicine)

2009-03-28T02:37:00.000-07:00

Cancer Supportive Care: Advances in Therapeutic Strategies (Translational Medicine)

Cancer Supportive Care: Advances in Therapeutic Strategies (Translational Medicine)
By Gary H. Lyman, Jeffrey Crawford

* Publisher: Informa HealthCare
* Number Of Pages: 416
* Publication Date: 2008-04-14
* ISBN-10 / ASIN: 1420052896

Product Description:
Covering topics like pain control, drug reactions, symptom measurement, late effects of cancer, and surviving cancer, Cancer Supportive Care: Advances in Therapeutic Strategies, covers:

Cancer Supportive Care: Advances in Therapeutic Strategies (Translational Medicine)

Pharmacogenetics of Breast Cancer: Towards the Individualization of Therapy

2009-03-28T02:34:00.000-07:00

Pharmacogenetics of Breast Cancer: Towards the Individualization of Therapy

Pharmacogenetics of Breast Cancer: Towards the Individualization of Therapy (Translational Medicine)
By Brian Leyland-Jones

* Publisher: Informa HealthCare
* Number Of Pages: 352
* Publication Date: 2008-05-19
* ISBN-10 / ASIN: 1420052934

Product Description:

Pharmacogenetics, generally referred to as the study of genetic variation that gives rise to differing response to drugs, is becoming more relevant in the diagnosis, treatment, and recovery of cancer patients. The problem faced when treating cancer is the outstanding varied efficacy between success and failure. Unpredictability between a population of patients who are affected with the same occurring malignancy can show varying associated toxicities in drug treatment ranging from zero effect through lethal doses. Since the chemotherapeutic agent is often developed to fit the average patient the unfortunate result is that approximately 40% of patients may be receiving the wrong drug. However, using pharmacogenetics there are promising advancements in the development of effective agents which will enable ‘personalized cancer chemotherapy’ to become routine for the clinical practice. This individualization is most advanced in the field of breast cancer; while many breast oncologists are individualizing techniques based on specific profiles, within 10 years it is likely all breast oncologists will be using RT-PCR, FISH-based multiplexed arrays, or a similar testing regime for patient individualization therapy.

Towards the Individualization of Therapy

READ THIS EBOOK

INTRODUCTION

Mortality from breast cancer results from the ability of some tumors to metastasize to distant sites. Selecting patients with micrometastases at diagnosis is crucial for clinicians in deciding who should, and who should not, receive toxic and expensive adjuvant chemotherapy to eradicate these metastatic cells. Although many individual biomarkers were originally attractive, over the years most have failed to become clinically useful. In addition, the management of breast cancer has changed, with the majority of node-negative patients now undergoing systemic adjuvant therapy because we cannot precisely determine an individual’s risk of recurrence. A majority of node-negative patients are being unnecessarily overtreated because if left systemically untreated, only about 25% of node-negative patients would ever develop recurrence.

There is therefore a critical need to identify patients with sufficiently low risk of breast cancer
recurrence so as to avoid further treatment. In addition, in patients at risk of recurrence and in need of therapy, optimal therapeutic selection is an increasingly important objective. Recent developments in applying microarray technologies to breast tumor samples suggest that these new techniques may provide for the transition of molecular biological discoveries to clinical application and will generate clinically useful genomic profiles that more accurately predict the
long-term outcome of individual breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND

Until recently, evaluations of prognostic and predictive factors have considered one factor at a time or have used small panels of markers. However, with the advent of new genomic technologies such as microarrays, capable of simultaneously measuring thousands of genes or gene products, we are beginning to construct molecular fingerprints of individual tumors so that accurate prognostic and predictive assessments of each cancer may be made. Clinicians may one day base clinical management on each woman’s personal prognosis and predict the best individual therapies according to the genetic fingerprint of each individual cancer.

Breast cancer is characterized by a very heterogeneous clinical course. A major goal of recent studies is to determine whether RNA microarray expression profiling or DNA array gene amplification or gene loss patterns can accurately predict an individual’s long-term potential for recurrence of breast cancer, so that appropriate treatment decisions can be made. Microarrays can be used to measure the mRNA expression of thousands of genes at one time or survey genomic alterations that may distinguish molecular phenotypes associated with long-term, recurrence-free survival or clinical response to treatment. These new technologies have been successfully applied to primary breast cancers and may eventually outperform currently used clinical parameters in predicting disease outcome.

Since RNA expression microarray technology provided a method for monitoring the RNA expression of many thousands of human genes at a time, there was considerable anticipation that it would quickly and easily revolutionize our approaches to cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The reality remains extremely promising but is also complex. A potential complication in the application of microarray technology to primary human breast tumor samples is the presence of variable numbers of normal cells, such as stroma, blood vessels, and lymphocytes, in the tumor. Indeed, it has been demonstrated using gross analysis of human breast cancer specimens compared with breast cancer cell lines that the tumors expressed sets of genes in common not only with these cell lines but also with cells of hematopoietic lineage and stromal origin (1,2). Laser capture microdissection has also been successfully used to isolate pure-cell populations from primary breast cancers for array profiling (3). Sgroi et al. (3) utilized laser capture microdissection to isolate morphologically “normal” breast epithelial cells, invasive breast cancer cells, and metastatic lymph node cancer cells from one patient and were able to demonstrate the feasibility of using microdissected samples for array profiling as well as following potential progression of cancer in this patient. However, with the emerging data supporting important roles for the surrounding stroma in breast cancer progression and the labor-intensive and technically challenging nature of laser capture technology with subsequent amplification of RNA for quantitation, most published investigations to date have evaluated total gene expression to identify prognostic profiles, as will be described in the next section.

MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER

A study of sporadic breast tumor samples by Perou et al. (2) was the first to show that breast tumors could be classified into subtypes distinguished by differences in their expression profiles. Using 40 breast tumors and 20 matched pairs of samples before and after doxorubicin treatment, an “intrinsic gene set” of 476 genes was selected that was more variably expressed between the 40 sporadic tumors than between the paired samples. This intrinsic gene set was then used to cluster and segregate the tumors into four major subgroups: a “luminal cell-like”
group expressing the estrogen receptor (ER); a “basal cell-like” group expressing keratins 5 and 17, integrinb4, and laminin, but lacking ER expression; an “Erb-B2-positive” group; and a “normal” epithelial group (Fig. 1). In a subsequent study with 38 additional cancers, the investigators found the same subgroups as before (4), except that the luminal, ER-positive group was further subdivided into subsets with distinctive gene expression profiles. In univariate survival analysis, performed on the 49 patients diagnosed with locally advanced disease but without evidence of distant metastasis, ER positivity was not a significant prognostic factor on its own, but the luminal-type group enjoyed a more favorable survival compared with the other groups. Conversely, the basal-like group had a significantly poorer prognosis. Although small and
exploratory, this study suggests that important differences in outcome can be ascertained from microarray expression profiling.

An interesting study was reported by Gruvberger et al. (5), who profiled 58 grossly dissected primary invasive breast tumors and used artificial neural network analysis to predict the ER status of the tumors on the basis of their gene expression patterns. They then determined which specific genes were themost important for ER classification. By comparing to Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) data from estradiol-stimulated breast cancer cells, they determined that only a few genes of the many genes that were associated with ER expression in tumors were indeed estrogen responsive in cell culture. This observation lent further support to the hypothesis developed by Perou et al. (1) that basic cell lineages, such as the luminal ER-positive cell type, can be partly explained by observed genomic gene expression patterns rather than downstream effectors of only one pathway, such as the ER.

Towards the Individualization of Therapy

Acute Care of the Cancer Patient

2009-03-28T02:30:00.000-07:00

Acute Care of the Cancer Patient

Acute Care of the Cancer Patient
By Andrew Shaw, Bernhard Riedel, Allen Burton, Alan Fields, Thomas W. Feeley

* Publisher: Informa HealthCare
* Number Of Pages: 1154
* Publication Date: 2005-08-18
* ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0824726898

Product Description:
Drawing on the real-world experience of leading experts in oncological medicine, this reference is an invaluable source of guidance for anyone specializing in the care of acutely ill cancer patients. It provides fast access to effective techniques, therapies, and approaches for surgical, medical, pediatric, pain, and general oncology issues. It emphasizes therapies unique to cancer patients, including hyperthermic perfusion, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for solid tumor disease. The book includes many clear illustrations, figures, tables, and photographs and provides much information that has previously been unavailable in print

Acute Care of the Cancer Patient

Pancreatic Cancer: M.D. Anderson Solid Tumor Oncology Series

2009-03-28T02:26:00.000-07:00

Pancreatic Cancer: M.D. Anderson Solid Tumor Oncology Series

Overview:
Since the previous M.D. Anderson Solid Tumor Oncology Series publication on pancreatic cancer, there have been major advances in our understanding of molecular events which underlie pancreatic cancer development, both in the sporadic and inherited forms. We have seen the development of the first mouse models that accurately recapitulate features of the human disease. Several landmark clinical trials in both resectable and metastatic pancreatic cancer have been completed, raising new questions about the standard of care in this disease. Finally, the era of targeted biologic therapies has engendered new excitement about the prospects of more rapid progress in understanding and successfully treating this dreadful disease. Therefore, it is an appropriate time to review these important advances and outline areas of controversy and question in pancreatic cancer biology and treatment.

Pancreatic Cancer: M.D. Anderson Solid Tumor Oncology Series

Therapeutic Resistance to Anti-hormonal Drugs in Breast Cancer

2009-03-28T02:09:00.000-07:00

Therapeutic Resistance to Anti-hormonal Drugs in Breast Cancer

Therapeutic Resistance to Anti-hormonal Drugs in Breast Cancer: New Molecular Aspects and their Potential as Targets
By Stephen Hiscox, Julia Gee, Robert I. Nicholson

* Publisher: Springer
* Number Of Pages: 204
* Publication Date: 2009-03-01
* ISBN-10 / ASIN: 1402085257
* ISBN-13 / EAN: 9781402085253

Product Description:

One of the main causes of failure in the treatment of breast cancer is the intrinsic presence of, or development of, drug resistance by the cancer cells. Recent studies on the mechanisms of cancer drug resistance have yielded important information highlighting both how tumour cells may escape these therapeutic constraints and that drug resistance may further impinge on tumour cell functions that may ultimately promote an adverse cell phenotype. New targets have been identified with potential therapeutic applications in resistant breast cancer leading to the subsequent evaluation of inhibitors of these targets in preclinical studies. Importantly, there is increasing evidence from such studies demonstrating the benefit of novel combination strategies as potential avenues for future drug regimens.

Written by experts in the subject area, this book covers the molecular details and functional consequences of endocrine resistance in breast cancer with particular emphasis on the future applications of novel drug combinations that may be utilized to circumvent resistance and improve anti-tumour effects. This book represents a timely publication in the filed of breast cancer research, providing current knowledge in the area of drug resistance and will be important reading material for clinicians and researchers alike.

Therapeutic Resistance to Anti-hormonal Drugs in Breast Cancer

Diabetes And Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence And Molecular

2009-03-28T01:57:00.000-07:00

Diabetes And Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence And Molecular

Diabetes And Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence And Molecular

The interdisciplinary work revealing varied roles in biological processes of chronic diseases has led to a new field of research concerning common molecular and clinical features of chronic diseases. Epidemiological literature suggests an association between the history of metabolic syndrome/diabetes mellitus type 2 and the risk of developing a variety of cancers.

This book, at the forefront of experimental and clinical research, is the first to highlight the common molecular links between these two diseases. These tight links indicate a complex interdependency between both diseases on a cellular and hormonal basis, which is influenced by a variety of aspects (e.g. nutritional, social and neuro-immunological factors). Special attention has been given to the fundamental role of the switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis of cancer cells – the Warburg effect.

Offering insights into the interdisciplinary approaches of tomorrow, this publication will encourage endocrinologists, oncologists, diabetologists, general practitioners, diabetic nurses and students of life sciences working separately on various aspects of diabetes and cancer to come together and combine therapies and strategies

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Diabetes And Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence And Molecular

The Encyclopedia of Cancer

2009-03-28T01:54:00.001-07:00

The Encyclopedia of Cancer

Carol Turkington, William Lipera, “The Encyclopedia of Cancer”
Facts on File | 2005-02 | ISBN: 0816050295 | 448 pages | PDF | 1,8 MB

A concise and comprehensive reference to this devastating, widespread disease, The Encyclopedia of Cancer provides a thorough introduction to the many different types and aspects of cancer. Covering everything from leukemia to melanoma to colon cancer, more than 400 entries detail all the basics of cancer and address its many forms. Thorough explanations of national and global statistics, gender differences, and promising research are included, as well as lists of organizations linked to oncology and patient issues, and much more. The most comprehensive single-volume reference of its kind, this encyclopedia is essential for school and public libraries, general readers, and professionals alike.

The Encyclopedia of Cancer

Principles of Cancer Genetics

2009-03-28T01:49:00.000-07:00

Principles of Cancer Genetics

Fred Bunz, "Principles of Cancer Genetics"
Springer | 2008-02 | 344 pages | PDF

Cancer genetics is a field of daunting breadth and depth. The literature describes hundreds of genes and genetic alterations that are variably associated with again as many disease states and risk factors. Integrating these disparate pieces of highly specialized information is challenging for the professional scientist and student alike. Prinicples of Cancer Genetics consolidates the main concepts of the cancer gene theory, and provides a framework for understanding the genetic basis of cancer.

Focused on the most highly representative genes that underlie the most common cancers, Principles of Cancer Genetics is aimed at advanced undergraduates who have completed introductory courses in genetics, biology and biochemistry, medical students, and house medical house staff preparing for board examinations. Primary attention is devoted to the origins of cancer genes and the application of evolutionary theory to explain why the cell clones that harbor cancer genes tend to expand. The many points of controversy in cancer research are avoided, in favor of firmly established concepts. This book does not delve into tumor pathobiology beyond what is required to understand the role of genetic alterations in neoplastic growth. For students with a general interest in cancer, this book will provide a highly accessible overview. For students contemplating future study in the fields of oncology or cancer research, this book will be useful as a primer.

Principles of Cancer Genetics

The Biology of Cancer

2009-03-28T01:44:00.000-07:00

The Biology of Cancer

* Publisher: Whurr Publishers
* Number Of Pages: 200
* Publication Date: 2004-07-26
* Sales Rank: 1798146
* ISBN / ASIN: 1861564341
* EAN: 9781861564344
* Binding: Hardcover
* Manufacturer: Whurr Publishers
* Studio: Whurr Publishers
* Book Description:

The application of biology to the delivery of cancer care is playing an increasingly important role in the management of this group of diseases. Although there are a plethora of specialist cancer biology books, they are not aimed at nursing students and practising nurses.

The aim of this book is to be an informative text for students, newly qualified nurses and practising oncology/palliative care nurses. It is also hoped that it will be a useful text for other health care professionals working in the field of cancer, so that the common questions asked by patients, and their families, can be answered with a clear understanding of the latest advancements in the management of an individual’ s care.

The Biology of Cancer